Gamma-ray Burst 100614A

(All information courtesy of the instrument teams.)

Previous IAU Circulars

none

Results of Observations

GCN/BACODINE POSITION NOTICE

TITLE:           GCN/SWIFT NOTICE
NOTICE_DATE:     Mon 14 Jun 10 21:45:59 UT
NOTICE_TYPE:     Swift-BAT GRB Position
TRIGGER_NUM:     424716,   Seg_Num: 0
GRB_RA:          263.519d {+17h 34m 05s} (J2000),
                 263.586d {+17h 34m 21s} (current),
                 263.200d {+17h 32m 48s} (1950)
GRB_DEC:         +49.227d {+49d 13' 36"} (J2000),
                 +49.220d {+49d 13' 13"} (current),
                 +49.259d {+49d 15' 32"} (1950)
GRB_ERROR:       3.00 [arcmin radius, statistical only]
GRB_INTEN:       0 [cnts]    Image_Peak=2921 [image_cnts]
TRIGGER_DUR:     64.000 [sec] 
TRIGGER_INDEX:   20000     E_range: 15-50 keV
BKG_INTEN:       0 [cnts]
BKG_TIME:        0.00 SOD {00:00:00.00} UT
BKG_DUR:         0 [sec]
GRB_DATE:        15361 TJD;   165 DOY;   10/06/14
GRB_TIME:        77906.10 SOD {21:38:26.10} UT
GRB_PHI:          42.34 [deg]
GRB_THETA:        28.29 [deg]
SOLN_STATUS:     0x13
RATE_SIGNIF:     0.00 [sigma]
IMAGE_SIGNIF:    14.39 [sigma]
MERIT_PARAMS:     +1  +0  +0  +6  +1  +3  +0  +0 +30  +0 
SUN_POSTN:        83.16d {+05h 32m 39s}  +23.29d {+23d 17' 19"}
SUN_DIST:        107.49 [deg]   Sun_angle= 12.0 [hr] (West of Sun)
MOON_POSTN:      118.11d {+07h 52m 26s}  +19.71d {+19d 42' 23"}
MOON_DIST:       104.55 [deg]
MOON_ILLUM:      8 [%]
GAL_COORDS:       75.97, 32.53 [deg] galactic lon,lat of the burst (or transient)
ECL_COORDS:      255.93, 72.35 [deg] ecliptic lon,lat of the burst (or transient)
COMMENTS:        SWIFT-BAT GRB Coordinates.  
COMMENTS:        This Notice was delayed by more than 60 sec past the end of the trigger integration interval;  
COMMENTS:        probably due to it occurring during a Malindi downlink session.  
COMMENTS:        This is an image trigger.  (The RATE_SIGNIF & BKG_{INTEN, TIME, DUR} are undefined.)  
COMMENTS:        A point_source was found.  
COMMENTS:        This does not match any source in the on-board catalog.  
COMMENTS:        This does not match any source in the ground catalog.  
COMMENTS:        This is a GRB.  
COMMENTS:        This trigger occurred at longitude,latitude = 13.77,4.30 [deg].

red DSS finding chart ps-file

GCN NOTICE

TITLE:           GCN/SWIFT NOTICE
NOTICE_DATE:     Mon 14 Jun 10 21:46:51 UT
NOTICE_TYPE:     Swift-XRT Processed Image
TRIGGER_NUM:     424716,   Seg_Num: 0
GRB_RA:          263.5246d {+17h 34m 05.9s} (J2000),
                 263.5914d {+17h 34m 21.9s} (current),
                 263.2051d {+17h 32m 49.2s} (1950)
GRB_DEC:         +49.2417d {+49d 14' 30.1"} (J2000),
                 +49.2352d {+49d 14' 06.6"} (current),
                 +49.2739d {+49d 16' 25.9"} (1950)
GRB_ERROR:       5.0 [arcsec, radius, statistical plus systematic]
GRB_INTEN:       40 [cnts]
IMG_START_DATE:  15361 TJD;   165 DOY;   10/06/14
IMG_START_TIME:  78039.10 SOD {21:40:39.10} UT,   133.0 [sec] since BAT Trigger Time
CENTROID_X:      279.51,  raw= 280  [pixels]
CENTROID_Y:      306.29,  raw= 306  [pixels]
ROLL:            0.38 [deg]
GAIN:            2
MODE:            2, Short Image mode
WAVEFORM:        134
EXPO_TIME:       0.10 [sec]
GRB_POS_XRT_Y:   19.55
GRB_POS_XRT_Z:   -53.72
IMAGE_URL:       sw00424716000msxps_rw.img
SUN_POSTN:        83.16d {+05h 32m 39s}  +23.29d {+23d 17' 19"}
SUN_DIST:        107.48 [deg]   Sun_angle= 12.0 [hr] (West of Sun)
MOON_POSTN:      118.12d {+07h 52m 29s}  +19.70d {+19d 42' 14"}
MOON_DIST:       104.54 [deg]
MOON_ILLUM:      8 [%]
GAL_COORDS:       75.99, 32.53 [deg] galactic lon,lat of the burst
ECL_COORDS:      255.93, 72.36 [deg] ecliptic lon,lat of the burst
COMMENTS:        SWIFT-XRT Processed Image.

GCN NOTICE

TITLE:           GCN/SWIFT NOTICE
NOTICE_DATE:     Mon 14 Jun 10 21:46:44 UT
NOTICE_TYPE:     Swift-XRT Image
TRIGGER_NUM:     424716,   Seg_Num: 0
GRB_RA:          263.5246d {+17h 34m 05.9s} (J2000),
                 263.5914d {+17h 34m 21.9s} (current),
                 263.2051d {+17h 32m 49.2s} (1950)
GRB_DEC:         +49.2417d {+49d 14' 30.1"} (J2000),
                 +49.2352d {+49d 14' 06.6"} (current),
                 +49.2739d {+49d 16' 25.9"} (1950)
GRB_ERROR:       5.0 [arcsec, radius, statistical plus systematic]
GRB_INTEN:       40 [cnts]
IMG_START_DATE:  15361 TJD;   165 DOY;   10/06/14
IMG_START_TIME:  78039.10 SOD {21:40:39.10} UT,   133.0 [sec] since BAT Trigger Time
CENTROID_X:      279.51,  raw= 280  [pixels]
CENTROID_Y:      306.29,  raw= 306  [pixels]
ROLL:            0.38 [deg]
GAIN:            2
MODE:            2, Short Image mode
WAVEFORM:        134
EXPO_TIME:       0.10 [sec]
GRB_POS_XRT_Y:   19.55
GRB_POS_XRT_Z:   -53.72
IMAGE_URL:       sw00424716000msxps_rw.img
SUN_POSTN:        83.16d {+05h 32m 39s}  +23.29d {+23d 17' 19"}
SUN_DIST:        107.48 [deg]   Sun_angle= 12.0 [hr] (West of Sun)
MOON_POSTN:      118.12d {+07h 52m 28s}  +19.70d {+19d 42' 15"}
MOON_DIST:       104.54 [deg]
MOON_ILLUM:      8 [%]
GAL_COORDS:       75.99, 32.53 [deg] galactic lon,lat of the burst
ECL_COORDS:      255.93, 72.36 [deg] ecliptic lon,lat of the burst
COMMENTS:        SWIFT-XRT Image.

GCN NOTICE

TITLE:           GCN/SWIFT NOTICE
NOTICE_DATE:     Mon 14 Jun 10 21:46:35 UT
NOTICE_TYPE:     Swift-XRT Position
TRIGGER_NUM:     424716,   Seg_Num: 0
GRB_RA:          263.5246d {+17h 34m 05.90s} (J2000),
                 263.5914d {+17h 34m 21.94s} (current),
                 263.2051d {+17h 32m 49.22s} (1950)
GRB_DEC:         +49.2417d {+49d 14' 30.1"} (J2000),
                 +49.2352d {+49d 14' 06.6"} (current),
                 +49.2739d {+49d 16' 25.9"} (1950)
GRB_ERROR:       5.2 [arcsec radius, statistical plus systematic, 90% containment]
GRB_INTEN:       4.41e-08 [erg/cm2/sec]
GRB_SIGNIF:      6.32 [sigma]
IMG_START_DATE:  15361 TJD;   165 DOY;   10/06/14
IMG_START_TIME:  78039.10 SOD {21:40:39.10} UT,   133.0 [sec] since BAT Trigger Time
TAM[0-3]:        327.62 237.22 261.41 243.54
AMPLIFIER:       2
WAVEFORM:        134
SUN_POSTN:        83.16d {+05h 32m 39s}  +23.29d {+23d 17' 19"}
SUN_DIST:        107.48 [deg]   Sun_angle= 12.0 [hr] (West of Sun)
MOON_POSTN:      118.12d {+07h 52m 28s}  +19.70d {+19d 42' 17"}
MOON_DIST:       104.54 [deg]
MOON_ILLUM:      8 [%]
GAL_COORDS:       75.99, 32.53 [deg] galactic lon,lat of the burst
ECL_COORDS:      255.93, 72.36 [deg] ecliptic lon,lat of the burst
COMMENTS:        SWIFT-XRT Coordinates.  
COMMENTS:        The XRT position is 0.92 arcmin from the BAT position.  
COMMENTS:        The object found at this position is either a very bright burst or a cosmic ray hit.  
COMMENTS:        Examine the XRT Image to differentiate (CRs are much more compact); see examples at:  
COMMENTS:        http://www.swift.psu.edu/xrt/XRT_Postage_Stamp_Image_Photo_Gallery.htm .

GCN NOTICE

TITLE:           GCN/SWIFT NOTICE
NOTICE_DATE:     Mon 14 Jun 10 21:47:14 UT
NOTICE_TYPE:     Swift-BAT GRB Lightcurve
TRIGGER_NUM:     424716,   Seg_Num: 0
GRB_RA:          263.519d {+17h 34m 05s} (J2000),
                 263.586d {+17h 34m 21s} (current),
                 263.200d {+17h 32m 48s} (1950)
GRB_DEC:         +49.227d {+49d 13' 36"} (J2000),
                 +49.220d {+49d 13' 13"} (current),
                 +49.259d {+49d 15' 32"} (1950)
GRB_DATE:        15361 TJD;   165 DOY;   10/06/14
GRB_TIME:        77906.10 SOD {21:38:26.10} UT
TRIGGER_INDEX:   20000
GRB_PHI:          42.34 [deg]
GRB_THETA:        28.29 [deg]
DELTA_TIME:      0.00 [sec]
TRIGGER_DUR:     64.000 [sec] 
SOLN_STATUS:     0x13
RATE_SIGNIF:     0.00 [sigma]
IMAGE_SIGNIF:    14.39 [sigma]
LC_URL:          sw00424716000msb.lc
SUN_POSTN:        83.16d {+05h 32m 39s}  +23.29d {+23d 17' 19"}
SUN_DIST:        107.49 [deg]   Sun_angle= 12.0 [hr] (West of Sun)
MOON_POSTN:      118.12d {+07h 52m 29s}  +19.70d {+19d 42' 10"}
MOON_DIST:       104.55 [deg]
MOON_ILLUM:      8 [%]
GAL_COORDS:       75.97, 32.53 [deg] galactic lon,lat of the burst (or transient)
ECL_COORDS:      255.93, 72.35 [deg] ecliptic lon,lat of the burst (or transient)
COMMENTS:        SWIFT-BAT GRB Lightcurve.  
COMMENTS:           
COMMENTS:        The next comments were copied from the BAT_POS Notice:  
COMMENTS:        This is an image trigger.  
COMMENTS:        A point_source was found.  
COMMENTS:        This does not match any source in the on-board catalog.  
COMMENTS:        This does not match any source in the ground catalog.  
COMMENTS:        This is a GRB.  
COMMENTS:        This trigger occurred at longitude,latitude = 13.77,4.30 [deg].

GCN NOTICE

TITLE:           GCN/SWIFT NOTICE
NOTICE_DATE:     Mon 14 Jun 10 21:59:22 UT
NOTICE_TYPE:     Swift-UVOT Source List
TRIGGER_NUM:     424716,   Seg_Num: 0
POINT_RA:        263.533d {+17h 34m 08s} (J2000)
POINT_DEC:       +49.227d {+49d 13' 36"} (J2000)
POINT_ROLL:      0.381d
IMG_START_DATE:  15361 TJD;   165 DOY;   10/06/14
IMG_START_TIME:  78779.83 SOD {21:52:59.83} UT,   873.7 [sec] since BAT Trigger Time
FILTER:          7, U
BKG_MEAN:        0.274
N_STARS:         190
X_OFFSET:        311 [pixels]
Y_OFFSET:        229 [pixels]
X_MAX:           1750 [pixels]
Y_MAX:           1668 [pixels]
DET_THRESH:      5
PHOTO_THRESH:    2
SL_URL:          sw00424716000msufc0873.fits
SUN_POSTN:        83.17d {+05h 32m 41s}  +23.29d {+23d 17' 20"}
SUN_DIST:        107.49 [deg]   Sun_angle= 12.0 [hr] (West of Sun)
MOON_POSTN:      118.25d {+07h 52m 59s}  +19.67d {+19d 40' 10"}
MOON_DIST:       104.54 [deg]
MOON_ILLUM:      8 [%]
GAL_COORDS:       75.97, 32.53 [deg] galactic lon,lat of the pointing direction
ECL_COORDS:      255.96, 72.35 [deg] ecliptic lon,lat of the pointing direction
COMMENTS:        SWIFT-UVOT Source List.

GCN NOTICE

TITLE:           GCN/SWIFT NOTICE
NOTICE_DATE:     Mon 14 Jun 10 21:59:22 UT
NOTICE_TYPE:     Swift-UVOT Source List
TRIGGER_NUM:     424716,   Seg_Num: 0
POINT_RA:        263.533d {+17h 34m 08s} (J2000)
POINT_DEC:       +49.227d {+49d 13' 36"} (J2000)
POINT_ROLL:      0.381d
IMG_START_DATE:  15361 TJD;   165 DOY;   10/06/14
IMG_START_TIME:  78779.83 SOD {21:52:59.83} UT,   873.7 [sec] since BAT Trigger Time
FILTER:          7, U
BKG_MEAN:        0.274
N_STARS:         190
X_OFFSET:        311 [pixels]
Y_OFFSET:        229 [pixels]
X_MAX:           1750 [pixels]
Y_MAX:           1668 [pixels]
DET_THRESH:      5
PHOTO_THRESH:    2
SL_URL:          sw00424716000msufc0873.fits
SUN_POSTN:        83.17d {+05h 32m 41s}  +23.29d {+23d 17' 20"}
SUN_DIST:        107.49 [deg]   Sun_angle= 12.0 [hr] (West of Sun)
MOON_POSTN:      118.25d {+07h 52m 59s}  +19.67d {+19d 40' 10"}
MOON_DIST:       104.54 [deg]
MOON_ILLUM:      8 [%]
GAL_COORDS:       75.97, 32.53 [deg] galactic lon,lat of the pointing direction
ECL_COORDS:      255.96, 72.35 [deg] ecliptic lon,lat of the pointing direction
COMMENTS:        SWIFT-UVOT Source List.

GCN NOTICE

TITLE:           GCN/SWIFT NOTICE
NOTICE_DATE:     Mon 14 Jun 10 21:59:49 UT
NOTICE_TYPE:     Swift-UVOT Processed Source List
TRIGGER_NUM:     424716,   Seg_Num: 0
POINT_RA:        263.533d {+17h 34m 08s} (J2000)
POINT_DEC:       +49.227d {+49d 13' 36"} (J2000)
POINT_ROLL:      0.381d
IMG_START_DATE:  15361 TJD;   165 DOY;   10/06/14
IMG_START_TIME:  78779.83 SOD {21:52:59.83} UT,   873.7 [sec] since BAT Trigger Time
FILTER:          7, U
BKG_MEAN:        0.274
N_STARS:         190
X_OFFSET:        311 [pixels]
Y_OFFSET:        229 [pixels]
X_MAX:           1750 [pixels]
Y_MAX:           1668 [pixels]
DET_THRESH:      5
PHOTO_THRESH:    2
SL_URL:          sw00424716000msufc0873.fits
SUN_POSTN:        83.17d {+05h 32m 41s}  +23.29d {+23d 17' 20"}
SUN_DIST:        107.49 [deg]   Sun_angle= 12.0 [hr] (West of Sun)
MOON_POSTN:      118.25d {+07h 53m 01s}  +19.67d {+19d 40' 05"}
MOON_DIST:       104.54 [deg]
MOON_ILLUM:      8 [%]
GAL_COORDS:       75.97, 32.53 [deg] galactic lon,lat of the pointing direction
ECL_COORDS:      255.96, 72.35 [deg] ecliptic lon,lat of the pointing direction
COMMENTS:        SWIFT-UVOT Processed Source List.  
COMMENTS:        All 4 attachments are included.

GCN NOTICE

TITLE:           GCN/SWIFT NOTICE
NOTICE_DATE:     Mon 14 Jun 10 22:00:29 UT
NOTICE_TYPE:     Swift-XRT Position UPDATE
TRIGGER_NUM:     424716,   Seg_Num: 0
GRB_RA:          263.4991d {+17h 34m 00.21s} (J2000),
                 263.5660d {+17h 34m 15.82s} (current),
                 263.1795d {+17h 32m 43.08s} (1950)
GRB_DEC:         +49.2346d {+49d 14' 04.5"} (J2000),
                 +49.2280d {+49d 13' 40.9"} (current),
                 +49.2669d {+49d 16' 00.8"} (1950)
GRB_ERROR:       2.1 [arcsec radius, statistical plus systematic, 90% containment]
GRB_INTEN:       1.00e-10 [erg/cm2/sec]
GRB_SIGNIF:      10.00 [sigma]
IMG_START_DATE:  15361 TJD;   165 DOY;   10/06/14
IMG_START_TIME:  78369.00 SOD {21:46:09.00} UT,   462.9 [sec] since BAT Trigger Time
TAM[0-3]:        100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
AMPLIFIER:       1
WAVEFORM:        31
SUN_POSTN:        83.17d {+05h 32m 41s}  +23.29d {+23d 17' 20"}
SUN_DIST:        107.48 [deg]   Sun_angle= 12.0 [hr] (West of Sun)
MOON_POSTN:      118.26d {+07h 53m 02s}  +19.67d {+19d 39' 59"}
MOON_DIST:       104.52 [deg]
MOON_ILLUM:      8 [%]
GAL_COORDS:       75.98, 32.55 [deg] galactic lon,lat of the burst
ECL_COORDS:      255.88, 72.36 [deg] ecliptic lon,lat of the burst
COMMENTS:        SWIFT-XRT Coordinates.  
COMMENTS:        This Notice was ground-generated -- not flight-generated.  
COMMENTS:        This is an Update Notice -- the RA,Dec values herein supersede the previous XRT_POS Notice.  
COMMENTS:        TAM values, flux and significance fields are not valid.  
COMMENTS:        This position was automatically generated on the ground using  
COMMENTS:        Photon Counting data telemetered via TDRSS (SPER data).  
COMMENTS:        See http://www.swift.ac.uk/sper/docs.php for details.  
COMMENTS:        This position was enhanced using UVOT field astrometry.  
COMMENTS:        The probability that this is a serendipitous source in the  
COMMENTS:        SPER window is 0.58% < P(seren) < 1.1%.

GCN NOTICE

TITLE:           GCN/SWIFT NOTICE
NOTICE_DATE:     Mon 14 Jun 10 22:00:49 UT
NOTICE_TYPE:     Swift-UVOT Image
TRIGGER_NUM:     424716,   Seg_Num: 0
POINT_RA:        263.533d {+17h 34m 08s} (J2000)
POINT_DEC:       +49.227d {+49d 13' 36"} (J2000)
ROLL:            0.381d
IMG_START_DATE:  15361 TJD;   165 DOY;   10/06/14
IMG_START_TIME:  78779.83 SOD {21:52:59.83} UT,   873.7 [sec] since BAT Trigger Time
FILTER:          7, U
EXPOSURE_ID:     298245185
X_OFFSET:        870 [pixels]
Y_OFFSET:        788 [pixels]
WIDTH:           160 [pixels]
HEIGHT:          160 [pixels]
X_GRB_POS:       1030
Y_GRB_POS:       948
BINNING_INDEX:   1
IM_URL:          sw00424716000msuni0879.fits
SUN_POSTN:        83.17d {+05h 32m 41s}  +23.29d {+23d 17' 20"}
SUN_DIST:        107.49 [deg]   Sun_angle= 12.0 [hr] (West of Sun)
MOON_POSTN:      118.26d {+07h 53m 03s}  +19.67d {+19d 39' 55"}
MOON_DIST:       104.54 [deg]
MOON_ILLUM:      8 [%]
GAL_COORDS:       75.97, 32.53 [deg] galactic lon,lat of the pointing direction
ECL_COORDS:      255.96, 72.35 [deg] ecliptic lon,lat of the pointing direction
COMMENTS:        SWIFT-UVOT Image.  
COMMENTS:        The GRB Position came from the Window Position in the Mode Command.  
COMMENTS:        The image has 2x2 binning (compression).

GCN NOTICE

TITLE:           GCN/SWIFT NOTICE
NOTICE_DATE:     Mon 14 Jun 10 22:01:08 UT
NOTICE_TYPE:     Swift-UVOT Processed Image
TRIGGER_NUM:     424716,   Seg_Num: 0
POINT_RA:        263.533d {+17h 34m 08s} (J2000)
POINT_DEC:       +49.227d {+49d 13' 36"} (J2000)
ROLL:            0.381d
IMG_START_DATE:  15361 TJD;   165 DOY;   10/06/14
IMG_START_TIME:  78779.83 SOD {21:52:59.83} UT,   873.7 [sec] since BAT Trigger Time
FILTER:          7, U
EXPOSURE_ID:     298245185
X_OFFSET:        870 [pixels]
Y_OFFSET:        788 [pixels]
WIDTH:           160 [pixels]
HEIGHT:          160 [pixels]
X_GRB_POS:       1030
Y_GRB_POS:       948
BINNING_INDEX:   1
IM_URL:          sw00424716000msuni0879.fits
SUN_POSTN:        83.17d {+05h 32m 41s}  +23.29d {+23d 17' 20"}
SUN_DIST:        107.49 [deg]   Sun_angle= 12.0 [hr] (West of Sun)
MOON_POSTN:      118.27d {+07h 53m 04s}  +19.66d {+19d 39' 52"}
MOON_DIST:       104.54 [deg]
MOON_ILLUM:      8 [%]
GAL_COORDS:       75.97, 32.53 [deg] galactic lon,lat of the pointing direction
ECL_COORDS:      255.96, 72.35 [deg] ecliptic lon,lat of the pointing direction
COMMENTS:        SWIFT-UVOT Processed Image.  
COMMENTS:        The GRB Position came from the Window Position in the Mode Command.  
COMMENTS:        The image has 2x2 binning (compression).  
COMMENTS:        All 4 attachments are included.

GCN Circular #10837
G. Stratta (ASDC), S. D. Barthelmy (GSFC), W. H. Baumgartner (GSFC/UMBC), D. N. Burrows (PSU), V. D'Elia (ASDC), J. M. Gelbord (PSU), C. Gronwall (PSU), S. T. Holland (CRESST/USRA/GSFC), J. A. Kennea (PSU), H. A. Krimm (CRESST/GSFC/USRA), N. P. M. Kuin (UCL-MSSL), W.B Landsman (GSFC), J. Mao (INAF-OAB), F. E. Marshall (NASA/GSFC), J. P. Osborne (U Leicester), T. Sakamoto (NASA/UMBC), C. J. Saxton (UCL-MSSL), B. Sbarufatti (INAF-OAB/IASFPA), M. Stamatikos (OSU/NASA/GSFC), T. N. Ukwatta (GSFC/GWU) and L. Vetere (PSU) report on behalf of the Swift Team:
At 21:38:26 UT, the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) triggered and located GRB 100614A (trigger=424716). Swift slewed immediately to the burst. The BAT on-board calculated location is RA, Dec 263.519, +49.227, which is
```
   RA(J2000)  =  17h 34m 05s
   Dec(J2000) = +49d 13' 36"
```
with an uncertainty of 3 arcmin (radius, 90% containment, including systematic uncertainty). As is typical for image triggers, the TDRSS lightcurve does not show anything significant.
The XRT began observing the field at 21:40:39.1 UT, 133.0 seconds after the BAT trigger. Using promptly downlinked data we find a bright, fading, uncatalogued X-ray source with an enhanced position: RA, Dec 263.4992, 49.2347 which is equivalent to:
```
   RA(J2000)  = 17h 33m 59.81s
   Dec(J2000) = +49d 14' 05.1"
```
with an uncertainty of 2.1 arcseconds (radius, 90% containment). This position may be improved as more data are received; the latest position is available at http://www.swift.ac.uk/sper.
A power-law fit to a spectrum formed from promptly downlinked event data gives a column density in excess of the Galactic value (2.2e+20 cm^-2, Kalberla et al. 2005), with an excess column of 1.3 (+1.11/-1.03) x 10^21 cm^-2 (90% confidence).
The initial flux in the 0.1 s image was 4.41e-08 erg cm^-2 s^-1 (0.2-10 keV).
UVOT took a finding chart exposure of nominal 250 seconds with the U filter starting 873 seconds after the BAT trigger. No white observations were taken because there is a V = 7.4 star in the UVOT field of view. The UVOT image covers 100% of the XRT error circle. No credible afterglow candidate has been found in the initial data products to an estimated magnitude limit of u > 19.2. No correction has been made for the expected extinction corresponding to E(B-V) of 0.03 mag.
Burst Advocate for this burst is G. Stratta (giulia.stratta AT asdc.asi.it). Please contact the BA by email if you require additional information regarding Swift followup of this burst. In extremely urgent cases, after trying the Burst Advocate, you can contact the Swift PI by phone (see Swift TOO web site for information: http://www.swift.psu.edu/too.html.)
GCN Circular #10838
C.G. Mundell and I.A. Steele (Liverpool JMU) report on behalf of a larger collaboration:
"The 2-m Liverpool Telescope robotically followed up GRB100614A (SWIFT trigger 424716; Stratta et al. GCN10837) 17.07 min after the GRB trigger time. Initial analysis shows no optical counterpart is detected in the XRT error circle to the following limiting magnitudes (wrt USNOB1):
```
Time from trigger      Filter  Limiting Mag
-----------------     -------  ------------
29 mins		         R      > 21 mag
31 mins			 i'	> 21 mag
```
We note also that no counterpart is detected in z'-band images.
Observations and analysis are ongoing.
This message may be cited"
GCN Circular #10839
M. Jelinek, A. J. Castro-Tirado (IAA-CSIC Granada), P. Kubanek (IAA-CSIC and IPL-UV) and A. de Ugarte Postigo (OAB), on behalf of a larger collaboration, report:
"The TELMA 0.6m robotic telescope at the BOOTES-2 astronomical station in South Spain has responded to GRB 100614A 18s after the GCN notice (and about 6.9 min after the onset of the GRB). The co-add of 36 images (3-s each, unfiltered) obtained through cirrusses provides a R = 18 limiting magnitude at the position of the X-ray atterglow (Stratta et al. GCNC 10837)."
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GCN Circular #10840
A.J. Levan (U. Warwick), N.R. Tanvir (U. Leicester) and P. Groot (Nijmegen) report for a larger collaboration:
"We obtained imaging of GRB 100614A (Stratta et al. GCN 10837) with the 4.2m William Herschel Telescope (WHT). Observations began at 22:38 UT, approximately 1.0 hours after the burst. A total of 1200s integration was obtained in the I-band. Within the refined XRT position we do not locate any obvious sources to a preliminary limiting magnitude of I>24."
GCN Circular #10845
Norbert Schartel at XMM-Newton/ESA
XMM-Newton is observing GRB 100614 (RA=17h 34m 05s, DEC=+49d 13' 16", J2000), starting at 04:12 UT, on June 15, 2010, for an exposure of 42 ksec.
GCN Circular #10846
R. Margutti, B. Sbarufatti (INAF-OAB) and G. Stratta (ASDC) report on behalf of the Swift-XRT team:
We have analysed 1.4 ks of XRT data for GRB 100614A (Stratta et al. GCN Circ. 10837), from 136 s to 1.6 ks after the BAT trigger. The data comprise 319 s in Windowed Timing (WT) mode with the remainder in Photon Counting (PC) mode. The light curve can be modelled with an initial power-law decay with an index of alpha=1.79 (+/-0.11) followed by a break around T+300 s to an alpha of 2.51 (+0.12, -0.10). X-ray flaring activity is detected in the first 300 s of observation.
A spectrum formed from the WT mode data can be fitted with an absorbed power-law with a photon spectral index of 1.84 (+/-0.05). The best-fitting absorption column is 1.80 (+/-0.15) x 10^21 cm^-2, in excess of the Galactic value of 2.2 x 10^20 cm^-2 (Kalberla et al. 2005). The PC mode spectrum has a photon index of 1.92 (+0.21, -0.20) and a best-fitting absorption column of 1.0 (+/-0.5) x 10^21 cm^-2. The counts to observed (unabsorbed) 0.3-10 keV flux conversion factor deduced from this spectrum is 4.1 x 10^-11 (5.1 x 10^-11) erg cm^-2 count^-1.
If the light curve continues to decay with a power-law decay index of 2.51, the count rate at T+24 hours will be 1.3 x 10^-5 count s^-1, corresponding to an observed (unabsorbed) 0.3-10 keV flux of 5.2 x 10^-16 (6.5 x 10^-16) erg cm^-2 s^-1.
The results of the XRT-team automatic analysis are available at http://www.swift.ac.uk/xrt_products/00424716.
This circular is an official product of the Swift-XRT team.
GCN Circular #10849
J.P. Osborne, A.P. Beardmore, P.A. Evans and M.R. Goad (U. Leicester) report on behalf of the Swift-XRT team.
Using 3444 s of XRT Photon Counting mode data and 4 UVOT images for GRB 100614A, we find an astrometrically corrected X-ray position (using the XRT-UVOT alignment and matching UVOT field sources to the USNO-B1 catalogue): RA, Dec = 263.49923, +49.23434 which is equivalent to:
```
RA (J2000): 17h 33m 59.82s
Dec (J2000): +49d 14' 03.6"
```
with an uncertainty of 1.7 arcsec (radius, 90% confidence).
This position may be improved as more data are received. The latest position can be viewed at http://www.swift.ac.uk/xrt_positions. Position enhancement is described by Goad et al. (2007, A&A, 476, 1401) and Evans et al. (2009, MNRAS, 397, 1177).
This circular was automatically generated, and is an official product of the Swift-XRT team.
GCN Circular #10852
T. Sakamoto (GSFC/UMBC), S. D. Barthelmy (GSFC), W. H. Baumgartner (GSFC/UMBC), J. R. Cummings (GSFC/UMBC), N. Gehrels (GSFC), H. A. Krimm (GSFC/USRA), C. B. Markwardt (GSFC/UMD), D. M. Palmer (LANL), M. Stamatikos (GSFC/ORAU), G. Stratta (ASDC), J. Tueller (GSFC), T. N. Ukwatta (GWU) (i.e. the Swift-BAT team):
Using the data set from T-239 to T+963 sec from recent telemetry downlinks, we report further analysis of BAT GRB 100614A (trigger #424716) (Stratta, et al., GCN Circ. 10837). The BAT ground-calculated position is RA, Dec = 263.534, 49.232 deg which is
```
   RA(J2000)  =  17h 34m 08.2s 
   Dec(J2000) = +49d 13' 56.4" 
```
with an uncertainty of 1.6 arcmin, (radius, sys+stat, 90% containment). The partial coding was 56%.
The mask-weighted light curve shows a relatively smooth peak starting at ~T-10 sec, peaking around T+50 sec, and ending at ~T+275 sec. T90 (15-350 keV) is 225 +- 55 sec (estimated error including systematics).
The time-averaged spectrum from T-9.0 to T+282.0 sec is best fit by a simple power-law model. The power law index of the time-averaged spectrum is 1.88 +- 0.15. The fluence in the 15-150 keV band is 2.7 +- 0.2 x 10^-6 erg/cm2. The 1-sec peak photon flux measured from T+31.00 sec in the 15-150 keV band is 0.7 +- 0.2 ph/cm2/sec. All the quoted errors are at the 90% confidence level.
The results of the batgrbproduct analysis are available at http://gcn.gsfc.nasa.gov/notices_s/424716/BA/
GCN Circular #10853
E. Gorbovskoy, V. Lipunov, V.Kornilov, A.Belinski, N.Shatskiy, N.Tyurina, D.Kuvshinov, P.Balanutsa, V.V.Chazov, P.V.Kortunov, A.Kuznetsov, D.Zimnukhov, M. Kornilov Sternberg Astronomical Institute, Moscow State University
A. Tlatov, A.V. Parhomenko, D. Dormidontov Kislovodsk Solar Station of the Pulkovo Observatory
V.Yurkov, Yu.Sergienko, D.Varda, I.Kudelina Blagoveschensk Educational State University, Blagoveschensk
V.Krushinski, I.Zalozhnich, T.Kopytova, A. Popov Ural State University, Kourovka
K.Ivanov, S.Yazev, N.M.Budnev, E.Konstantinov, V.Lenok, O.Gres, O.Chuvalaev Irkutsk State University
MASTER II robotic telescope (MASTER-Net: http://observ.pereplet.ru) located near Kislovodsk was pointed to the GRB 100614A (Stratta et al., GCN 10837) 26 s after notice time and 7 min 59 s after GRB time in two polarizations at 2010-06-14 21:46:25 UT.
We have a number images with 180-s exposition. We haven't found optical transient within Swift-XRT error-box. The 3-sigma unfiltred upper limit has been about 20.9 mag on 34 coadded images (21:46:25 - 22:42:05 UT).
The message may be cited.
mailto: lipunov@sai.msu.ru
GCN Circular #10854
D. Malesani (DARK/NBI), D. Xu (Weizmann Inst.), T. Pursimo (NOT), P. Jakobsson (Univ. Iceland), report on behalf of a larger collaboration:
We observed the field of GRB 100614A (Stratta et al., GCN 10837) with the NOT equipped with ALFOSC. Observations were carried out in the R, I, and z filters, with mean times 54, 79, and 107 minutes after the GRB trigger, respectively.
We do not detect any source within the refined XRT error circle (Osborne et al., GCN 10849) in any of our images. The limiting magnitudes are R > 24.0, I > 22.8 calibrated against the USNO-B1 catalog (calibration of the z-band data is not presently feasible). Our findings are in agreement with non-detections reported by other groups (Mundell & Steele, GCN 10838; Jelinek et al., GCN 10839; Levan et al., GCN 10840; Gorbovskoy et al., GCN 10853).
We acknowledge prompt reaction and careful assistence of the NOT staff.
GCN Circular #10855
S. T. Holland (CRESST/GSFC/USRA) and G. Stratta (ASDC) report on the behalf of the Swift UVOT team:
The Swift/UVOT observed the field of GRB 100614A starting 123 s after the BAT trigger (Stratta, et al., 2010, GCN Circ. 10837). Settled observations started at 139 s. No white observations were taken due to the presence of the bright A0 star HD 159607 (V = 7.4) located 11.5 arcmin from the XRT source. We do not find any new source, relative to the DSS, USNO-B1.0, or 2MASS at the position of the XRT afterglow (Osborne, et al. 2010, GCN Circ. 10849). Preliminary 3-sigma upper limits for detecting a source in the u-band finding chart, and in the co-added images, using a 2.5 arcsecond radius circular aperture, are
```
Filter    T_start   T_stop   Exp(s)      Mag
--------------------------------------------
 u (fc)       139      339      246    >21.0

 v            445   12,065     1218    >21.4
 b            395     7165      549    >21.8
 u            139     6960      897    >21.7
 uvw1         494   13,145      675    >21.2
 uvm2         770   12,970     1102    >21.4
 uvw2         421     7365      484    >21.1
--------------------------------------------
```
The quoted upper limits have not been corrected for the expected Galactic extinction along the line of sight corresponding to a reddening of E_{B-V} = 0.03 mag (Schlegel, et al., 1998, ApJS, 500, 525). All photometry is on the UVOT photometry system described in Poole et al. (2008, MNRAS, 383, 627).
GCN Circular #10857
S. T. Holland (CRESST/GSFC/USRA) and G. Stratta (ASDC) report on the behalf of the Swift UVOT team:
The Swift/UVOT observed the field of GRB 100614A starting 123 s after the BAT trigger (Stratta, et al., 2010, GCN Circ. 10837). Settled observations started at 139 s. No white observations were taken due to the presence of the bright A0 star HD 159607 (V = 7.4) located 11.5 arcmin from the XRT source. We do not find any new source, relative to the DSS, USNO-B1.0, or 2MASS at the position of the XRT afterglow (Osborne, et al. 2010, GCN Circ. 10849). Preliminary 3-sigma upper limits for detecting a source in the u-band finding chart, and in the co-added images, using a 2.5 arcsecond radius circular aperture, are
```
Filter    T_start   T_stop   Exp(s)      Mag
--------------------------------------------
u (fc)       139      339      246    >21.0

v            445   12,065     1218    >21.4
b            395     7165      549    >21.8
u            139     6960      897    >21.7
uvw1         494   13,145      675    >21.2
uvm2         770   12,970     1102    >21.4
uvw2         421     7365      484    >21.1
--------------------------------------------
```
The quoted upper limits have not been corrected for the expected Galactic extinction along the line of sight corresponding to a reddening of E_{B-V} = 0.03 mag (Schlegel, et al., 1998, ApJS, 500, 525). All photometry is on the UVOT photometry system described in Poole et al. (2008, MNRAS, 383, 627).
GCN Circular #10862
S. B. Cenko, D. A. Perley (UC Berkeley), N. R. Tanvir (U. Leicester), A. J. Levan (U. Warwick), J. S. Bloom, B. E. Cobb (UC Berkeley), K. Wiersema (U. Leicester) report on behalf of a larger collaboration:
We have imaged the field of GRB100614A (Stratta et al., GCN 10837) with the Gemini Near InfraRed Imager on the 8-m Gemini North telescope. Observations were obtained in the Y, J, and K filters beginning at 7:05 UT on 15 June 2010 (~ 9.5 hours after the burst).
We find no sources inside the revised XRT error circle (Osborne et al., GCN 10849) to limiting magnitudes of J > 22.7, K > 21.6 (Vega mags, calibrated with respect to 2MASS). The lack of optical/NIR detections at other facilities (Mundell and Steele, GCN 10838; Jelinek et al., GCN 10839; Levan et al., GCN 10840; Gorbovskoy et al., GCN 10853, Malesani et al., GCN 10854, Holland and Stratta, GCN 10857), coupled with the moderate excess column inferred from the XRT spectrum (Margutti et al., GCN 10846), suggest a highly extinguished optical/NIR afterglow.
GCN Circular #10893
D. Shakhovskoy, V. Rumyantsev (CrAO), A. Pozanenko (IKI) report on behalf of larger GRB follow-up collaboration:
We observed the field of the Swift GRB 100614A (Stratta et al. GCN 10837) with AZT-11 telescope of CrAO between (UT) June, 15 19:18 -- 20:19. We do not detect any source in enhanced XRT error circle (Osborne et al., GCN 10849). The photometry based on USNO-B1.0 star 1392-0274963 (RA(J2000) = 17:34:02.22 Dec(J2000)= +49:14:58.3 ) assuming R=17.73 is following:
```
T0+      Filter,   Exposure,  mag. UL
(mid, d)              (s)

0.9236     R       20x180    > 21.9
```
GCN Report 287.1
GCN_Report 287.1 has been posted: http://gcn.gsfc.nasa.gov/reports/report_287_1.pdf by G. Stratta at ASDC titled: "Final report on Swift Observations of GRB 100614A"
GCN Circular #10967
S. Guziy, M. Jel=C3=ADnek, J. Gorosabel (IAA-CSIC Granada), P. Kub=C3=A1n= ek (U. Valencia), A. de Ugarte Postigo (INAF-OAB), D. P=C3=A9rez-Ram=C3=ADrez (U= , Ja=C3=A9n), G. G=C3=B3mez (GTC La Palma) and A. J. Castro-Tirado (IAA-CSIC), on behalf of a larger collaboration, report:
"We observed the field of GRB 100614A (G.Stratta et al., GCN #10837) in ugriz bands with the 10.4-m Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos on the island of La Palma.
Observations started at 01:55 UT on 2010 June 15th, 4.3 h after the GRB trigger. Images were obtained at an average seeing of 0."6 and an average airmass of 1.1 with the OSIRIS instrument (Cepa et al. 2010, HSA5,conf.) and a total integration time of 180-s for each band. We do not detect any source within the Swift-XRT error circle reported by Osborne et al. (GCN #10849) with the following 3-sigma limiting magnitudes (Vega system):
```
u > 25.2,
g > 27.1,
r > 26.4,
i > 25.9,
z > 24.9.
```
The given limits were obtained by observation of standard stars and compared with the SSDS catalog and are not corrected for the Galactic foreground extinction."
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1108.1054 from 5 Aug 11
V. D'Elia et al.: Extremely dark GRBs: the case of GRB 100614A and GRB 100615A
Dark gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are sources with a low optical-to-X-ray flux ratio. Proposed explanations for this darkness are: i) the GRB is at high redshift ii) dust in the GRB host galaxy absorbs the optical/NIR flux iii) GRBs have an intrinsically faint afterglow emission. Within this framework, GRB 100614A and GRB 100615A are extreme. In fact, they are bright in the X-rays, but no optical/NIR afterglow has been detected for either source, despite several follow-up campaigns began early after the triggers. We build optical-to-X-ray spectral energy distributions (SEDs) at the times at which the reddest upper limits are available, and we model our SEDs with the extinction curves of the Milky Way (MW), Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), and the attenuation curve obtained for a sample of starburst galaxies. We find that to explain the deepest NIR upper limits assuming either a MW or SMC extinction law, a visual extinction of AV > 50 is required, which is extremely unlikely. Since both GRBs are bright in X-rays, explanation iii) also cannot explain their dark classification, unless optical radiation and X-rays are not part of the same synchrotron spectrum. An alternative, or complementary explanation of the previous possibility, involves greyer extinction laws. A starburst attenuation curve gives AV>10, which is less extreme, despite still very high. Assuming high redshift in addition to extinction, implies an AV>10 at z=2 and AV>4-5 at z=5, regardless of the adopted extinction recipe. A different, exotic possibility would be an extremely high redshift origin (z>17 given the missing K detections). Population III stars are expected to emerge at z ~ 20 and can produce GRBs with energies well above those inferred for our GRBs at these redshifts. Mid- and far-IR observations of these extreme class of GRBs can help us to differentiate between the proposed scenarios.
1108.1077 from 5 Aug 11
V. D'Elia et al.: GRB 100614A and GRB 100615A: two extremely dark GRBs
Dark gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are sources with a low optical-to-X-ray flux ratio. Proposed explanations for this darkness are: i) the GRB is at high redshift ii) dust in the GRB host galaxy absorbs the optical/NIR flux iii) GRBs have an intrinsically faint afterglow emission. Within this framework, GRB 100614A and GRB 100615A are extreme. In fact, they are bright in the X-rays, but no optical/NIR afterglow has been detected for either source, despite several follow-up campaigns began early after the triggers. We build optical-to-X-ray spectral energy distributions (SEDs) at the times at which the reddest upper limits are available, and we model our SEDs with the extinction curves of the Milky Way (MW), Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), and the attenuation curve obtained for a sample of starburst galaxies. We find that to explain the deepest NIR upper limits assuming either a MW or SMC extinction law, a visual extinction of AV > 50 is required, which is extremely unlikely. Since both GRBs are bright in X-rays, explanation iii) also cannot explain their dark classification, unless optical radiation and X-rays are not part of the same synchrotron spectrum. An alternative, or complementary explanation of the previous possibility, involves greyer extinction laws. A starburst attenuation curve gives AV>10, which is less extreme, despite still very high. Assuming high redshift in addition to extinction, implies an AV>10 at z=2 and AV>4-5 at z=5, regardless of the adopted extinction recipe. A different, exotic possibility would be an extremely high redshift origin (z>17 given the missing K detections). Population III stars are expected to emerge at z ~ 20 and can produce GRBs with energies well above those inferred for our GRBs at these redshifts. Mid- and far-IR observations of these extreme class of GRBs can help us to differentiate between the proposed scenarios.

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