The purpose of this conference is to bring together researchers from the observational and theoretical communities for an in-depth discussion on the detailed physics driving galaxy evolution at sub-galactic scales. The impact of the current state-of-the-art developments will be put in a broader theoretical framework. The synergy between observations, theory, and simulations will be woven throughout each session. The meeting will focus on the dynamics, structure, star formation, gas content, and evolution of galaxies, which can be directly addressed via spectroscopic observations and model predictions. This conference will also be an opportunity to pave the way for future detailed studies at high redshift that will be routinely carried out with the next generation observatories such as the JWST, E-ELT, TMT, and GMT.